Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the copying, paraphrasing or summarizing of work, in any form, without acknowledgment of sources, and presenting this as your own work.

Examples of plagiarism could include:

• Submitting all or part of another persons work with or without that knowledge
• Submitting all or part of another persons work without proper acknowledgment   
• Submitting material that paraphrases or summarize another person's work or ideas without appropriate acknowledgment
• Submitting a digital image, sound, design, photograph or animation, altered or unaltered, without proper  acknowledgment

Types of plagiarism 

Sources Not Cited

• "The Ghost Writer"-The writer turns in another's work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
• "The Photocopy"-The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.
• "The Potluck Paper"-The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.
• "The Poor Disguise"-Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper's appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
• "The Labor of Laziness"-The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work.
• "The Self-Stealer"-The writer uses his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions.
  
  

Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized)

• "The Forgotten Footnote"-The writer mentions an author's name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations.
• "The Misinformer"-The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.
• "The Too-Perfect Paraphrase"-The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information.
• "The Resourceful Citer"-The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document.
• "The Perfect Crime"-The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material.

(Plagiarism,2012)

http://www.plagiarism.org

How Can Students Avoid Plagiarism?

To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use

• Another person’s idea, opinion, or theory
• Any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings—any pieces of information—that are not common knowledge
• Quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written words
• Paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written words.

indiana (2011)

http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

Referencing

While writing an essay a student will have to collection information from different sources. what referencing do is, it acknowledge the source where the student get information from. basically it is the way of giving credit to the original author of the information newcastle (2008).

http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/information-skills/foundation-portal/referencing-whatis.html

Why need to reference?

According to emedia.rmit (2011),

• The point and the argument is strengthen.

• Can identify weather its appropriately summarized and quoted correctly.

• Avoid plagiarism.

• it also can help the reader to find out the original source of the piece of  information.

http://emedia.rmit.edu.au/isearch/use/what-referencing

Styles of referencing

According to latrobe (2008),

• American Psychological Association style (APA)

• Harvard style

• Footnoting style

• Numbering style

http://www.latrobe.edu.au/asu/assets/downloads/REFERENCING06.pdf

Harvard Referencing style

if referencing from :-

website

Author's surname, initials, (year of publication), title of the article,website name, [online], Available from URL, [Accessed on DATE].

Journal article online

Author's surname, initials, (year of publication), title of the article, title of the journal, [online] volume number, (part number/month), page number, Available from URL, [Accessed on DATE].

online books

Author's surname, initials, (year of publication), title, [online], city of publication: publisher, Available from URL, [Accessed on DATE].

Book

Author's surname, initials, (editor), (year of publication), book title, series title and volume, edition, place of publication, (page number)

Making the most of the library

A library a place consisting of books, journals, CD's which provide people access to the reading materials.

http://photo-dictionary.com/phrase/604/library.html#b

What are the types of libraries?

According to ala (2012), following are types of libraries -

• Academic library :- Library available in universities and colleges. this can be used only by the students and the staff members of the universities and the colleges. 

• Public library :- serves the reading needs of the public people where there is a public library available in each and every city and any person near can use it for reading and borrowing purposes.

• School library :- Every school has its own library where only the student and the staff is allowed to use the library.

• Special library :- these type of libraries can be used by the disable people. where there are special ways used to read.

http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/librarycareerssite/typesoflibraries

Why need a library?

wisconsinlibraries (2012),

• It is important for the educational purposes where there are many resources to read relating to the subject matter for students

• It provide opportunities for self learning and also self improvement.

•  A library makes the world information access able to every one.

• A library can also interact people across all demographics groups

http://www.wisconsinlibraries.org/research/value.asp 

Lets do RESEARCH

According to usg (2010), a process of investigation is a research. it is examine a topic in different point of views. Reading and reflecting is a part of a research. accordingly there can be ten steps in a research process such as :-

1. Formulating the question
2. Get the background information
3. Refine the search topic
4. Considering the resource options
5. Selecting the appropriate tool
6. use the tool
7. locate the material
8. Analyse the material
9. Organize and write
10. Compose the bibliography

http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_04.phtml

Principles of a good Research

According to blurtit (2012),

• The aim of the research should be clearly defined
• The procedures of the research should be define so that another researcher can repeat the research
• High ethical standards applied
• The methods of analysis should be appropriate
• Content of data should be comprehensive, reasonably interpreted and easy to understand by the decision maker
• Should be free of grammatical errors

http://www.blurtit.com/q318669.html

Research can be basically in two types :-

1. Literature survey - This includes the documentation and the summary. this is also the background work of the research. this is based on the academic publications and the books www2.cs.hut (2006).  http://www2.cs.hut.fi/~pmrg/index.cgi?id=242

2. Literature review - This include the critical evaluation, analysis, Conclusion and the recommendations. According to learningcommons.sfu (2012), the body of a literature review present the summaries and the evaluations clear, logic and coherent manner.

http://learningcommons.sfu.ca/sites/default/files/219/graduate-what.pdf

A research can be conducted by collecting data for a certain topic by breaking down the key words of the research area, then combine the relative data of the key words and finally finding out the most important points which is related to all the identified key words.

A good research consists of :-

• Concept
• Problem Analysis
• Problem Statement
• Research Question
• Literature Survey
• Research Methodology
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Conclusion
• Recomandation

Our Goals

A goal can be defined as a observable, measurable result that is to be achieved within a time frame. Having a goal is really important to a person, because they know what they do, why they do it and what will be the end result of it. A goal is always powerful where you plan about your future.

http://www.brockblohm.com/what-is-your-goal-in-life/

What is a SMART goal?

S - Specific

M - Measurable

A - Achievable

R - Realistic

T - Timely

The above terms stand for the meaning of SMART.  Which show that a goal should be specific, where a persons should know excatly what is aim is. then there should be a way of measuring the goal such as the progress of the goal. If there is a  goal they should know weather it is achievable or not, making sure that the goal will all ways come true. A goal should also be realistic, a person having a goal should be willing and also able to achieve it. Finally a goal should always have a time frame where you limit your goal for a certain time period so that you can manage the work.

If the goal is SMART there should be a plan to work on it. therefore next comes the plan. Who you make the goal come true will be the plan. This can be basically the Achievable of the SMART goal where you tel that the goal is achievable, so how do you achieve it?

After having plan of achieving the target according to measurable in SMART goal, the identified way of measuring the goal can be applied. so that the progress of the target can be identified easily and improve on the weak side of it. And finally the you can be success in achieving the goal

Creativity

Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity usually involves two processes; thinking and then producing. If you have ideas but don’t act on them, you are imaginative but not creative.

Creativity is a very important part of innovation. Creativity should be a part of leaders and managers as it is one of the best ways to set your company apart from competition. Creativity in business situations can be characterised by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, and to generate solutions. Creating new solutions to problems and the ability to produce new products are very important, as it gives the company a competitive edge.

http://www.creativityatwork.com/what-is-creativity/

http://www.creativityatwork.com/what-is-creativity/

Creativity is a skill that can be developed and managed. It begins with learning a discipline, and mastering the way of thinking. We learn to be creative by experimenting, exploring, questioning assumptions, using imagination and combining information. Learning creativity is like learning a sport. It requires practice to develop the right muscles.

http://blog.iqmatrix.com/mind-map/unlocking-your-creative-genius-potential-mind-map

Try out a Creativity Quiz. Click the following link:

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/creativity-quiz.htm

Teamworking

Teamwork is a work practice performed by a group of people towards achieving a common goal, in a way that allows each individual to make a distinctive contribution towards the goal.

Team working has several characteristics. They are: 

•  The team must have a clear goal
• The team must have a results-driven structure
• The team must have competent team members. 
• The team must have unified commitment. 
•  The team must have a collaborative climate. 
• The team must have high standards that are understood by all. 
• The team must receive external support and encouragement. 
• The team must have principled leadership. 

http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Teamwork.htm

Several benefits of team working are:

• Improvements in participants' confidence, attitudes, motivation and personal satisfaction
• Greater clarity in expressing ideas through group discussion
• Better understanding by individuals of the nature of their contribution and of the needs of other team members
• More efficient use of resources – especially time
• Greater optimism – by focusing on positive outcomes and putting less weight on problems
• A wider range of ideas rather than individuals working in isolation
• More effective responses to changes – improved trust and
• Communication help a team to adapt to new circumstances

http://www.constructingexcellence.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fdocument%2FTeamwork_Guide.pdf&ei=fOF_T4GpOo7ZiALSosn1Ag&usg=AFQjCNHc9OvYFrenUZiS3um5oYLx7MmoiA&sig2=htSurAywFQI5R9y_vuAH5g&

 

http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/teamwork.htm

Likewise some disadvantages of teamwork are:

• Unequal participation
• Some workers may not function well as part of a team
• Teamwork may also limit creative thinking as members focus on the team concept
• Unnecessary conflicts can occur which may result in fights and put the whole project in a deadlock

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-teamwork-workplace-1937.html